Modules,
credit points
and more
The semester
The academic year usually consists of a winter semester (WiSe) and a summer semester (SoSe). Each of these lasts six months. The semester in which you can start depends on the university. Many degree programmes only start in the winter semester.
A semester is also divided into the lecture period and the lecture-free period. This means that you usually study for 15 weeks in the winter semester and around 14 weeks in the summer semester. Examinations take place during the lecture-free period, also known as the semester break.
You can find out the specific semester dates on the individual university websites. You will find the exact application or registration deadlines for your degree programme on the university websites, too.
The modules
Degree programmes are divided into different modules. These are units that deal with a specific topic and consist of various courses such as seminars, tutorials, and lectures. A module usually extends over one to two semesters. You will receive credit points for each completed unit.
In a bachelor’s degree or foundation programme, you will start with the basics, which form the foundation for the rest of your studies. Master’s degrees or advanced degree programmes subsequently deepen and expand your acquired knowledge and provide you with interdisciplinary qualifications. In addition to the compulsory modules that you must take, you can often also choose between various elective modules. This allows you to choose your own individual focus.
You can find out more from the student advisory service at your university.
The courses
You can check your university’s course catalogue online to see which courses are offered in which semester and are relevant for you. Here are the most common formats:
- Lecture: The subject matter is usually presented by lecturers in a lecture hall. There are also exercises to reinforce what you have heard. At the end of the semester, you will take an exam.
- Seminar: Seminars give you the opportunity to actively participate and explore a topic in greater depth, for example by giving a presentation. In addition, these are courses with continuous assessment, which means attendance is compulsory.
- Tutorial: This is a supporting session in which the subject matter is repeated and consolidated, usually on a voluntary basis. Tutorials are led by tutors who are often themselves students from a higher semester.
The numerus clausus (NC)
There are some degree programmes that have a numerus clausus. This means there are only a very limited number of study places and admission to the subject is therefore restricted. The available study places are allocated according to various selection quotas.
Credit points (ECTS)
ECTS is the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System. This system is used in many European countries. This makes it easier to change universities or have credits from a semester abroad recognized.
For every course you attend and successfully complete, you will receive a set number of credit points. These indicate your workload. In order to complete a module, you must earn a certain number of points.